It assumes an understanding of the basic principles of fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, compressible flow, and heat transfer. Ten chapters address: general characterization of hypersonic flows; basic equations of motion; defining the aerothermodynamic environment; experimental measurements of hypersonic flows; stagnation-region flowfield; the pressure distribution; the boundary layer and convective heat transfer; aerodynamic forces and moments; viscous interactions; and aerothermodynamics and design considerations.
Includes sample exercises and homework problems. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc. Demand for high-speed propulsion has renewed development of the supersonic combustion ramjet engine Scramjet engine for hypersonic flight applications. The first section covers three different areas: 1 kinetic theory, 2 quantum mechanics, and 3 statistical mechanics. Important results from these three areas are then brought together to allow analysis of nonequilibrium processes in a gas based on molecular level considerations.
Chapter 1 covers kinetic theory, in which the basic idea is to develop techniques to relate the properties and behavior of particles, representing atoms and molecules, to the fluid mechanical aspects of a gas at the macroscopic level.
This requires us to provide a basic definition by what is meant by a particle, and how these particles interact with one another through the mechanism of inter-molecular collisions. This leads us into a discussion of modeling of macroscopic molecular transport processes, such as viscosity and thermal conductivity, that represents one of the first key successes of kinetic theory. We will find that kinetic theory relies on the use of statistical analysis techniques, such as probability density functions, due to the very large volumes of information involved in tracking the behavior of every single particle in a real gas flow" Winner of the Summerfield Book Award.
The next great leap for jet propulsion will be to power-sustained, efficient flight through the atmosphere. Unified, self-contained view of nonequilibrium effects, body geometries, and similitudes available in hypersonic flow and thin shock layer; appropriate for graduate-level courses in hypersonic flow theory. Hypersonic Flow Theory presents the fundamentals of fluid mechanics, focusing on the hypersonic flow theory and approaches in theoretical aerodynamics.
This book discusses the assumptions underlying hypersonic flow theory, unified supersonic-hypersonic similitude, two-dimensional and axisymmetric bodies, and circular cylinder. The constant-streamtube-area approximation, streamtube-continuity methods, and tangent-wedge and tangent-cone are also deliberated.
This text likewise covers the similar laminar boundary layer solutions, bluntness induced interactions on slender bodies, and free molecule transfer theory. The dynamics of hypersonic flight or hypersonic wing theory, magnetohydrodynamic theory, or any developments involving treatment of the Boltzmann equation are not included.
This publication is intended for hypersonic aerodynamicists, students, and researchers conducting work on the hypersonic flow phenomena. Although the overall appearance of modern airliners has not changed a lot since the introduction of jetliners in the s, their safety, efficiency and environmental friendliness have improved considerably.
Main contributors to this have been gas turbine engine technology, advanced materials, computational aerodynamics, advanced structural analysis and on-board systems. Since aircraft design became a highly multidisciplinary activity, the development of multidisciplinary optimization MDO has become a popular new discipline. Despite this, the application of MDO during the conceptual design phase is not yet widespread. Advanced Aircraft Design: Conceptual Design, Analysis and Optimization of Subsonic Civil Airplanes presents a quasi-analytical optimization approach based on a concise set of sizing equations.
Objectives are aerodynamic efficiency, mission fuel, empty weight and maximum takeoff weight. Independent design variables studied include design cruise altitude, wing area and span and thrust or power loading. Principal features of integrated concepts such as the blended wing and body and highly non-planar wings are also covered. The quasi-analytical approach enables designers to compare the results of high-fidelity MDO optimization with lower-fidelity methods which need far less computational effort.
Key features: Presents a new fundamental vision on conceptual airplane design optimization Provides an overview of advanced technologies for propulsion and reducing aerodynamic drag Offers insight into the derivation of design sensitivity information Emphasizes design based on first principles Considers pros and cons of innovative configurations Reconsiders optimum cruise performance at transonic Mach numbers Advanced Aircraft Design: Conceptual Design, Analysis and Optimization of Subsonic Civil Airplanes advances understanding of the initial optimization of civil airplanes and is a must-have reference for aerospace engineering students, applied researchers, aircraft design engineers and analysts.
Progress in Astronautics and Rocketry, Volume 7: Hypersonic Flow Research compiles papers presented at a conference on hypersonics held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in August This book discusses the low Reynolds number effects, chemical kinetics effects, inviscid flow calculations, and experimental techniques relating to the problems in acquiring an understanding of hypersonic flow.
The structure and composition of hypersonic wakes with attendant complex chemical kinetic effects is only briefly mentioned. This text consists of five parts. Parts A to C comprise of theoretical papers on the problems of calculating flow fields at hypersonic speeds. The book also covers the modern topics concerning the developments made during the last years, especially in relation to wing flappings for propulsion. The book is written for graduate and senior year undergraduate students in Aerodynamics, and it serves as a reference for experienced researchers.
Each chapter includes ample examples, questions, problems and relevant references. Score: 5. Popular Books. Fear No Evil by James Patterson. Mercy by David Baldacci. The Awakening by Nora Roberts. From This Moment by Melody Grace.
Theoretical Framework 11 2. Wet Gas and Dry Gas - Natural gas is a gas comprised of multiple hydrocarbons, the most prevalent being methane.
Other minor components include evaporated liquids like ethane, butane and pentane, which are collectively referred to as natural gas liquids NGLs , or condensates. Shut off gas to the appliance. Extinguish any open flames. Open lid. If odor continues, keep away from the appliance and immediately call your gas supplier or your fire service. Leaking gas An odor-making agent is added to the gas. The odor helps you detect a gas leak. However, the odor added to the gas can fade.
Gas may be present even though no odor exists. Menyesuaikan informasi yang diperoleh dengan materi yang disajikan dalam buku Kimia Mampu menjelaskan konsep dasar gas ideal Mampu menganalisis gejala alam terkait gas ideal Mampu mengamati sifat gas ideal melalui percobaan Mampu meneliti dan memberi kontribusi terhadap. As shown in Figure 5, natural gas can come from conventional wells of gas trapped in pockets capped or sealed by cap rock, or from gas-rich shale formations.
By most definitions, gases labeled as natural gas can be used in. Industry standards, such as CSA Z Tests are often conducted without electrolyte cooling or temperature control and. The temperature, where the phase transformation occurs, is called the transformation temperature. Wind Tunnel Speed Category: subsonic, supersonic, or hypersonic.
Country in which the tunnel is located. Name of the installation where the facility is located. Test Section Size: dimensions of the test section height x width x length or cross-section diameter. Temperature Range: t. Also, gas turbine temperature Rotor Inlet Temperature and efficiency have almost doubled over the last forty years Fig- ure5 primarily as a result of better high temperature materials, more.
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