Assembling a team gives you greater insight into the needs of the business. It's a best practice to identify potential issues before you invest time, money, and resources to complete the transfers.
When you design a transfer plan, we recommend that you first collect requirements for your data transfer and then decide on a transfer option. To collect requirements, you can use the following process:. Before you evaluate and select transfer options in the next phase of planning, we recommend that you assess whether any part of your IT model can be improved, such as data governance, organization, and security.
Many members of the transfer team might be granted new roles in your Google Cloud organization as part of your data transfer project. These issues can affect how you grant access to your storage.
For example, you might place strict limits on write access to data that has been archived for regulatory reasons, but you might allow many users and applications to write data to your test environment.
How you structure your data on Google Cloud depends on how you plan to use Google Cloud. Storing your data in the same Cloud project where you run your application is a simple approach, but it might not be optimal from a management perspective. Some of your developers might not have privilege to view the production data. In that case, a developer could develop code on sample data, while a privileged service account could access production data. Thus, you might want to keep your entire production dataset in a separate Cloud project, and then use a service account to allow access to the data from each application project.
Google Cloud is organized around projects. Projects can be grouped into folders, and folders can be grouped under your organization.
Roles are established at the project level and the access permissions are added to these roles at the Cloud Storage bucket levels. This structure aligns with the permissions structure of other object store providers. For more information on how to structure a Google Cloud organization, see Best practices for enterprise organizations.
To evaluate your data transfer options, the transfer team needs to consider several factors, including the following:. Few things in computing highlight the hardware limitations of networks as transferring large amounts of data. Ideally, you can transfer 1 GB in eight seconds over a 1 Gbps network. If you scale that up to a huge dataset for example, TB , the transfer time is 12 days. Transferring huge datasets can test the limits of your infrastructure and potentially cause problems for your business.
You can use the following calculator to understand how much time a transfer might take, given the size of the dataset you're moving and the bandwidth available for the transfer.
A certain percentage of management time is factored into the calculations. Additionally, an effective bandwidth efficiency is included, so the resulting numbers are more realistic and ideal numbers will not be obtained. You might not want to transfer large datasets out of your company network during peak work hours.
If the transfer overloads the network, nobody else will be able to get necessary or mission-critical work completed. For this reason, the transfer team needs to consider the factor of time.
After the data is transferred to Cloud Storage, you can use a number of technologies to process the new files as they arrive, such as Dataflow. In a cloud-to-cloud transfer between Google Cloud and other cloud providers, Google provisions the connection between cloud vendor data centers, requiring no setup from you. If you're transferring data between your private data center and Google Cloud, there are three main approaches:.
When evaluating these approaches, it's helpful to consider your long-term connectivity needs. You might conclude that it's cost prohibitive to acquire bandwidth solely for transfer purposes, but when factoring in long-term use of Google Cloud and the network needs across your organization, the investment might be worthwhile. When you use a public internet connection, network throughput is less predictable because you're limited by your internet service provider's ISP capacity and routing. However, these connections offer relatively low costs, and with Google's extensive peering arrangements, your ISP might route you onto Google's global network within a few network hops.
We recommend that you check with your security admin on whether your company policy forbids moving some datasets over the public internet. Also check whether the public internet connection is used for your production traffic.
Large-scale data transfers might negatively impact the production network. To access the Google network with fewer network hops than with a public internet connection, you can use Direct Peering. By using Direct Peering, you can exchange internet traffic between your network and Google's Edge Points of Presence PoPs , which means your data does not use the public internet.
Doing so also reduces the number of hops between your network and Google's network. Peering with Google's network requires you to set up a registered Autonomous System AS Number , connect to Google using an internet exchange, and provide an around-the-clock contact with your network operations center.
Cloud Interconnect offers a direct connection to Google Cloud through Google or one of the Cloud Interconnect service providers. This service helps prevent your data from going on the public internet and can provide a more consistent throughput for large data transfers. Typically, Cloud Interconnect provides SLAs for network availability and performance of their network.
Contact a service provider directly to learn more. Cloud Interconnect also supports private addressing, RFC , so that the cloud effectively becomes an extension of your private data center without the need for public IP addresses or NATs. A critical decision is whether to use an offline or online process for your data transfer. That is, you must choose between transferring over a network, whether it's a dedicated interconnect or the public internet, or transferring by using storage hardware.
To help with this decision, we provide a transfer calculator to help you estimate the time and cost differences between these two options. The following chart also shows some transfer speeds for various dataset sizes and bandwidths. A certain amount of management overhead is built into these calculations. As noted earlier, you might need to consider whether the cost to achieve lower latencies for your data transfer such as acquiring network bandwidth is offset by the value of that investment to your organization.
The gsutil tool is the standard tool for small- to medium-sized transfers less than 1 TB over a typical enterprise-scale network, from a private data center to Google Cloud. We recommend that you include gsutil in your default path when you use Cloud Shell. It's also available by default when you install the Cloud SDK. It's a reliable tool that provides all the basic features you need to manage your Cloud Storage instances, including copying your data to and from the local file system and Cloud Storage.
It can also move and rename objects and perform real-time incremental syncs, like rsync , to a Cloud Storage bucket. The basics of getting started with gsutil are to create a Cloud Storage bucket and copy data to that bucket. For transfers of larger datasets, there are two things to consider:. For a single large file, use Composite transfers.
This method breaks large files into smaller chunks to increase transfer speed. Chunks are transferred and validated in parallel, sending all data to Google. Once the chunks arrive at Google, they are combined referred to as compositing to form a single object. Compositing can result in early deletion fees for objects stored in Cloud Storage Coldline and Cloud Storage Nearline, so it's not recommended for use with these types of objects.
This feature has some drawbacks, including that each piece not the entire object is individually checksummed, and composition of cold storage classes results in early retrieval penalties. Although gsutil can support small transfer sizes up to 1 TB , Storage Transfer Service for on-premises data is designed for large-scale transfers up to petabytes of data, billions of files. It supports full copies or incremental copies, and it works on all transfer options listed earlier in Deciding among Google's transfer options.
It also has a simple, managed graphical user interface; even non-technically savvy users after setup can use it to move data. You set up Storage Transfer Service for on-premises data by installing on- premises software known as agents onto computers in your data center. These agents are in Docker containers, which makes it easier to run many of them or orchestrate them through Kubernetes. After setup is finished, users can initiate transfers in the Google Cloud Console by providing a source directory, destination bucket, and time or schedule.
Storage Transfer Service automatically re-attempts a transfer when it encounters any transient errors. While the transfers are running, you can monitor how many files are moved and the overall transfer speed, and you can view error samples.
When the transfer is finished, a tab-delimited file TSV is generated with a full record of all files touched and any error messages received.
Agents are fault tolerant, so if an agent goes down, the transfer continues with the remaining agents. Agents are also self-updating and self-healing, so you don't have to worry about patching the latest versions or restarting the process if it goes down because of an unanticipated issue.
For large-scale transfers especially transfers with limited network bandwidth , Transfer Appliance is an excellent option, especially when a fast network connection is unavailable and it's too costly to acquire more bandwidth. The two main criteria to consider with Transfer Appliance are cost and speed.
With reasonable network connectivity for example, 1 Gbps , transferring TB of data online takes over 10 days to complete. If this rate is acceptable, an online transfer is likely a good solution for your needs. If you only have a Mbps connection or worse from a remote location , the same transfer takes over days.
At this point, it's worth considering an offline-transfer option such as Transfer Appliance. Acquiring a Transfer Appliance is straightforward. In the Cloud Console, you request a Transfer Appliance , indicate how much data you have, and then Google ships one or more appliances to your requested location. You're given a number of days to transfer your data to the appliance "data capture" and ship it back to Google.
The expected turnaround time for a network appliance to be shipped, loaded with your data, shipped back, and rehydrated on Google Cloud is 20 days. If your online transfer timeframe is calculated to be substantially more than this timeframe, consider Transfer Appliance. Storage Transfer Service is a fully managed, highly scalable service to automate transfers from other public clouds into Cloud Storage. For Amazon S3, you can supply an access key and an S3 bucket with optional filters for S3 objects to select, and then you copy the S3 objects to any Cloud Storage bucket.
The service also supports daily copies of any modified objects. The service doesn't currently support data transfers to Amazon S3. This approach requires that you write a script providing the size of each file in bytes, along with a Baseencoded MD5 hash of the file contents.
Sometimes the file size and hash are available from the source website. If not, you need local access to the files, in which case, it might be easier to use gsutil , as described earlier. If you have a transfer in place, Storage Transfer Service is a great way to get data and keep it, particularly when transferring from another public cloud.
For many Google Cloud users, security is their primary focus, and there are different levels of security available. A few aspects of security to consider include protecting data at rest authorization and access to the source and destination storage system , protecting data while in transit, and protecting access to the transfer product.
The following table outlines these aspects of security by product. To achieve baseline security enhancements, online transfers to Google Cloud using gsutil are accomplished over HTTPS, data is encrypted in transit, and all data in Cloud Storage is, by default, encrypted at rest. For information on more sophisticated security-related schemes, see Security and privacy considerations. If you use Transfer Appliance , security keys that you control can help protect your data.
Generally, we recommend that you engage your security team to ensure that your transfer plan meets your company and regulatory requirements. For advanced network-level optimization or ongoing data transfer workflows, you might want to use more advanced tools. For information about more advanced tools, visit Google partners. For a large transfer, or a transfer with significant dependencies, it's important to understand how to operate your transfer product. Customers typically go through the following steps:.
Functional testing. In this step, you confirm that the product can be successfully set up and that network connectivity where applicable is working.
You also test that you can move a representative sample of your data including accompanying non-transfer steps, like moving a VM instance to the destination. You can usually do this step before allocating all resources such as transfer machines or bandwidth. The goals of this step include the following:.
Performance testing. To help ensure the integrity of your data during a transfer, we recommend taking the following precautions:.
For large-scale data transfers with petabytes of data and billions of files , a baseline latent error rate of the underlying source storage system as low as 0. Typically, applications running at the source are already tolerant of these errors, in which case, extra validation isn't necessary. In some exceptional scenarios for example, long-term archive , more validation is necessary before it's considered safe to delete data from the source.
Depending on the requirements of your application, we recommend that you run some data integrity tests after the transfer is complete to ensure that the application continues to work as intended.
Many transfer products have built-in data integrity checks. However, depending on your risk profile, you might want to do an extra set of checks on the data and the apps reading that data before you delete data from the source. For instance, you might want to confirm whether a checksum that you recorded and computed independently matches the data written at the destination, or confirm that a dataset used by the application transferred successfully.
Google Cloud offers various options and resources for you to find the necessary help and support to best use Google Cloud services:. For more information about these resources, see the finding help section of Migration to Google Cloud: Getting started. Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.
For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Why Google close Discover why leading businesses choose Google Cloud Whether your business is early in its journey or well on its way to digital transformation, Google Cloud can help you solve your toughest challenges. Learn more.
If you include unindexed items when exporting the report, the number of unindexed items are included in the total number of estimated search results and in the total number of downloaded search results if you were to export the search results that are listed in the export summary report. In other words, the total number of items that would be downloaded is equal to the total number of estimated results and the total number of unindexed items.
Manifest: A manifest file in XML format that contains information about each item included in the search results. If you enabled the de-duplication option, duplicate messages are not included in the manifest file. Results: An Excel document that contains a row with information about each indexed item that would be exported with the search results. For email, the result log contains information about each message, including:. The location of the message in the source mailbox including whether the message is in the primary or archive mailbox.
For documents from SharePoint and OneDrive for Business sites, the results log contains information about each document, including:. The number of rows in the Results report should be equal to the total number of search results minus the total number of items listed in the Unindexed Items report.
If you open a ticket with Microsoft Support about an issue related to exporting search reports, you may be asked to provide this trace log. Unindexed items: An Excel document that contains information about any unindexed items included in the search results. If you don't include unindexed items when you generate the search results report, this report will still be downloaded, but will be empty. Skip to main content. This browser is no longer supported.
Download Microsoft Edge More info. Contents Exit focus mode. Please rate your experience Yes No. Any additional feedback? Note 1 As a result of recent changes to Microsoft Edge, ClickOnce support is no longer enabled by default. Note The exported search report must be downloaded within 14 days after you generated the report in Step 1. Download Now. Gaming Mode: One-Click Optimization No need to tweak settings for each game to enjoy the most out of it.
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